Matt Adrian 9/12/12
Core Earth I, C, Davies
Common Antifungal Drug Decreases Tumor Growth and Shows Promise as Cancer Therapy
Hye Ji Cha, Edward Marcotte, and John Wallingford have performed tests recently on the common FDA approved drug, Thiabendazole. Thiabendazole has been taken for over 40 years as an anti-fungal, however these scientists have concluded that this drug was unknowingly, a “vascular disrupting agent.” This means Thiabendazole actually eradicates newly formed blood vessels. This is extremely beneficial to chemotherapists, because it destroys blood vessels, so therefore it can stop the growth of tumors, which produce blood vessels to increase in size. Edward Marcotte marvels at the idea and possible results that Thiabendazole could produce, when paired with other chemotherapies, they could be highly effective in tumor treatment. The group of scientists are optimistic about Thiabendazole being tested clinically sometime in the near future. They hope the clinical trials will be a shorter and easier process, due to the fact that the FDA has already approved the drug.
If Thiabendazole is as successful as this group of scientists say, this could a monumental in the chemotherapeutic industry. Considering the FDA had approved the drug 40 years ago, the amount of time it should take to get to clinical trials, should be greatly shortened. By destroying new blood vessels, this drug can stop the entire growth of a tumor, and according to the scientists, even reduce the size of it. Seeing that tumors and cancers take thousands of lives, anything that could slow, or even stop them sounds like a breakthrough for scientists and doctors. A tumor that once was terminal may be containable in the near future, if all goes according to these scientist’s plans. Tumors in America have effected most people whether directly or indirectly, everyone knows about someone who might have unfortunately been diagnosed with some form of a tumor.
What I don’t get, is that fact that the scientists weren’t extremely excited and optimistic about this discovery. Perhaps they didn’t want to create a false optimism for people, being that the drug has not been tried on humans yet. You possibly have uncovered a proven tumor containment and reduction drug, and yet they remain hopeful. Being in that situation, you probably have extremely high expectations for your own discovery, but do not want to let the public down when your drug maybe doesn’t live up to the expectations. I’m also surprised that they did limited testing with Thiabendazole on embryos’ blood vessels. Maybe there weren’t any other tests available until accepted in clinical trials, but they seemed to do minimal work with the drug. However, they are the professionals and know what they’re doing so they are obviously taking the best and most efficient steps toward putting this drug to use for chemotherapists everywhere.
Citation:
ScienceDaily.com, “Common Antifungal Drug Decreases Tumor Growth and Shows Promise as Cancer Therapy.” Sciencedaily.com. September 12, 2012. August 21, 2012.
Thiabendazole is an FDA-approved, generic drug taken orally that has been in clinical use for 40 years as an antifungal. It is not currently used for cancer therapy.
Hye Ji Cha, Edward Marcotte, John Wallingford and colleagues found that the drug destroys newly established blood vessels, making it a "vascular disrupting agent." Their research was published in the journal PLoS Biology.
Inhibiting blood vessel, or vascular, growth can be an important chemotherapeutic tool because it starves tumors. Tumors induce new blood vessel formation to feed their out-of-control growth.
In trials using mice, the researchers found that thiabendazole decreased blood vessel growth in fibrosarcoma tumors by more than a half. Fibrosarcomas are cancers of the connective tissue, and they are generally heavily vascularized with blood vessels. The drug also slowed tumor growth.
"This is very exciting to us, because in a way we stumbled into discovering the first human-approved vascular disrupting agent," said Marcotte, professor of chemistry.
"Our research suggests that thiabendazole could probably be used clinically in combination with other chemotherapies."The scientists' discovery is a culmination of research that crosses disciplines and organisms.
In a previous study, Marcotte and his colleagues found genes in single-celled yeast that are shared with vertebrates by virtue of their shared evolutionary history. In yeasts, which have no blood vessels, the genes are responsible for responding to various stresses to the cells. In vertebrates, the genes have been repurposed to regulate vein and artery growth, or angiogenesis.
"We reasoned that by analyzing this particular set of genes, we might be able to identify drugs that target the yeast pathway that also act as angiogenesis inhibitors suitable for chemotherapy," said Marcotte.
Turns out they were right.
Cha, a graduate student in cell and molecular biology at the university, searched for a molecule that would inhibit the action of those yeast genes. She found that thiabendazole did the trick.
She then tested the drug in developing frog embryos. These are fast growing vertebrates in which scientists can watch blood vessel growth in living animals.Cha found that frog embryos grown in water with the drug either didn't grow blood vessels or grew blood vessels that were then dissolved away by the drug. Interestingly, when the drug was removed, the embryos' blood vessels grew back.
Cha then tested the drug on human blood vessel cells growing in Petri dishes, finding that the drug also inhibited their growth. Finally, she tested the drug on fibrosarcoma tumors in mice and found that it reduced blood vessel growth in the tumors as well as slowed the tumors' growth.
"We didn't set out to find a vascular disrupting agent, but that's where we ended up," said Wallingford, associate professor of developmental biology and Cha's graduate advisor with Marcotte. "This is an exciting example of the power of curiosity-driven research and the insights that can come from blending disciplines in biology."
The scientists' goal is now to move the drug into clinical trials with humans. They are talking with clinical oncologists about next steps.
"We hope the clinical trials will be easier because it is already approved by the FDA for human use," said Marcotte.
Funding for this research came from the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT), the Welch Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (grants GM067779 and GM088624) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Marcotte is the Mr. and Mrs. Corbin J. Robertson, Sr. Regents Chair in Molecular Biology. Wallingford is an HHMI Early Career Scientist.
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